EMF and Stress proteins (Hsp)
or Heat shock proteins

Richard GAUTIER (Dr en pharmacie), Roger SANTINI (Dr es sciences)
www.csif-cem.org le 17/06/2003

Abstract

Increase of synthesis of Hsp by the electromagnetic fields (EMF) generally or by the radio frequencies of the mobile telephony in particular was widely demonstrated. By studying works relative to the cellular biochemistry we realizes that these mechanisms are known (activation of the way of the MAP KINASE and Hsp, deregulation of the protein synthesis, apoptose pathway) and consequences in sanitary terms established, whether it is in term of resistance in anti-cancerous treatments, of confusions of the intellectual activity, infringement of the BHE, the deficit of the immunity, the development of cancer.

Stress proteins

Hsp is proteins the synthesis of which increases when the cell is subjected to a stress, thermic or other. The various categories of proteins are characterized by their molecular weight (Hsp 27, Hsp 70 etc.). Their role, after activation by phosphorylation due to kinases, is to repair (where from their other name of 'chaperon') the molecular effects of the stress notably in the denaturation of proteins. (For more details to refer to 42). Their short-term action is doubtless positive and allows to envisage new therapeutic orientations ( 48 ) but their long-term obstinacy it is openly negative (48).

Works showing an increase of Hsp by the electromagnetic Fields (EMF)

Numerous teams showed that low frequency ( ELF) or radio frequencies ( RF) some those of the mobile telephony provoke an increase of the synthesis of Hsp and their activation ( 3,4 ) whether it is on animal cells ( 1,2,6,7,9,10 ) or on human cells ( 3,4,5,11 ). The specific activation of the way of the MAP KINASES was also demonstrated (4,8,9,10).
It is necessary to note that a team, French, of researchers ( 13 ) does not find any Hsp's increase in any cellular lineage studied after exhibition in radiations GSM.

Mechanism of cellular stress

Note: numerous studies quoted here do not arise from searches concerning the EMF but the effects of the others stress, the mechanisms of activation of which are identical (Hsp, way of the MAP KINASES) or still works of cellular biochemistry. It is this extension which allows to understand really the set of mechanisms, it allows also well to encircle consequences already established. Searches are very active in this domain for years because they open interesting perspectives in mechanisms and treatment of tumors.

A stress, such as that represented with the EMF either still the stress oxydatif or to the UV or to the heat, give so in some minutes the activation of the way of the MAP KINASES (SAPK1-C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE, SAPK2-P38, ERK) (14,33,48) and in some hours the increase of the synthesis of Hsp (above and 14), mainly Hsp27 and Hsp70.

The way of the MAP KINASES give then the activation of Hsp by phosphorylation, mainly by p38 (14,15,17,18,46). It is necessary to note here that the alone increase of the intracellular calcium can explain the increase of the synthesis of Hsp ( 19,20,39 ), it was also demonstrated that of weak radiation of microwaves (15-20 mW / kg) can alter proteins explaining the activation of the way of stress ( 47 ). Otherwise for the complete mechanisms : activation of the way of the MAP KINASES, refer to (16) or to the various publications of Pr Landry ( 36 ) or those of Pr Cecchelli ( 33 ).


Once activated Hsp, they can play their role of 'chaperon' to repair damages in proteins, but this activation has the other consequences by freezing of various activity of the concerned proteins by preventing for example the way of the apoptose ( 4,8,11,15,23,24 ) by which an abnormal cell should owe ' autodestruction ', or by activating this way (8,15,34) what can bring to the fragmentation of the pit ( 15 ).

The activation of the way of MAP KINASES also has many of the other biochemical consequences ( 16 ) : modifications of the cellular reproduction, resistance in stress following, by modulation of the protein syntheses, increase as in the case of Hsp or decrease for the other proteins (= deregulation of bothers).
Effects on the protein syntheses ( 44 ) and modifications of cellular cycle are moreover informed well (8,9,11,16,19,22) by noting well that the time of exhibition and the time of reading after the beginning of the exhibition are very important if one wants to see effects (details in 11); As well as effects in altering the Blood Brain Barrier by increase of the transcytose by phosphorylation (32,33) and reorganization of the micro-strands of actine (4,25,26,27,34) this altering having been shown as consequence of an exhibition to radio frequencies (to see chapter on radio frequencies and BBB).

These mechanisms explain so perfectly the harmful influence of a prolonged exhibition ( 4,11,12,16,22,29 ), Hsp on one hand not being able to increase infinitely without consequences ( 18,26,30,48 ), MAP KINASES pathway on the other hand undergoing a regulation which eventually been extended beyond or bringing to a decrease of the synthesis of Hsp ( 6 ). Kyra and coll. (16) having for example noted that exhibition is chronic or not on one of the kinase ( ERK) will determine if the answer of a cell is growth or differentiation!
Of even though an exhibition in short EMF ( 2 days) protects chicks against a hypoxy ( 7 ) a longer exhibition ( 4 days) deprotect ( 6 ). What confirms that if the surexpression of Hsp is considered generally as defender for a following stress (31) it is not valid for every stress, so Lee's works and coll. (30) for which astrocytes with high level Hsp 70 is more resistant in a shock ischemic but less in a hypoglycaemia or those of Plateel and coll. (34) where the hypoxy decreases resistance in a stress oxydatif.

Current knowledge on the consequences of a prolonged exhibition

About level : If in short exhibition minimum level having shown an effect in the cellular calcium or the cycles of reproduction are 0.15 mW / kg (37,38) (2 mW / kg on human cells 11) or about 0,4 microW / cm2 ( 1,2 V/m) mechanisms above show well that in chronic exhibition thresholds giving an effect are much lower. No more the mechanisms which bring in way of enzymes and their system of regulation explains perfectly the notion of ' window of action ' in dose or in time.
So in constant or chronic applications, as at the local residents of base station of phones, broadcasting station Wi-Fi, high-tension lines, electric transformers, the electromagnetic fields giving modification of the cellular physiology with for consequence increase of disease described above.

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